Soroush Vosoughi, Deb Roy, and Sinan Aral, «The Spread of True and False News Online,» Science 359, no. 6380 (March 9, 2018): 1146–51, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9559; Robert Faris et al., «Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U. S. Presidential Election,» Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society Research Paper (Cambridge: Harvard University, 2017), http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33759251; Yochai Benkler, Robert Faris, Hal Roberts, and Ethan Zuckerman, «Study: Breitbart-Led Right-Wing Media Ecosystem Altered Broader Media Agenda,» Columbia Journalism Review, March 3, 2017, https://www.cjr.org/analysis/breitbart-media-trump-harvard-study.php; and David M. J. Lazer et al., «The Science of Fake News,» Science 359, no. 6380 (March 9, 2018): 1094–1096, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao2998.
132
Jennifer Kavanagh and Michael D. Rich, Truth Decay: An Initial Exploration of the Diminishing Role of Facts and Analysis in American Public Life (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2018), https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2314.html.
133
Арендт Х. Истоки тоталитаризма. – М.: ЦентрКом, 1996. 672 с. См. также Lee McIntyre, Post-Truth (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018).
134
Paul Krugman, «The Depravity of Climate-Change Denial,» New York Times, November 26, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/opinion/climate-change-denial-republican.html.
135
Литературы на эту тему множество. См., например, Tom Nichols, The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why It Matters (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017) или расшифровку интервью с преподавателем журналистики Нью-Йоркского университета Джеем Розеном: https://www.vox.com/2017/2/3/14503050/full-transcript-new-york-university-journalism-professor-jay-rosen-trump-facts
136
Vincent Larivière, Stefanie Haustein, and Philippe Mongeon, «The Oligopoly of Academic Publishers in the Digital Era,» PLoS ONE 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2015): e0127502, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127502; Stephen Buranyi, «Is the Staggeringly Profitable Business of Scientific Publishing Bad for Science?» Guardian, London, June 27, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jun/27/profitable-business-scientific-publishing-bad-for-science. See also Jon Tennant, «Academic Publishing Is Broken. Here"s How to Redesign It,» Fast Company, July 9, 2018, https://www.fastcompany.com/90180552/academic-publishing-is-broken-heres-how-to-redesign-it; Hans De Wit, Phillip G. Altbach, and Betty Leask, «Addressing the Crisis in Academic Publishing,» Inside Higher Ed, November 5, 2018, https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/world-view/addressing-crisis-academic-publishing; and Fiona Macdonald, «These Five Companies Control More Than Half of Academic Publishing,» Science Alert, June 12, 2015, https://www.sciencealert.com/these-five-companies-control-more-thanhalf-of-academic-publishing.
137
Peter Baldwin, «Why Are Universities Open Access Laggards?» Bulletin of the German Historical Institute 63 (Fall 2018): 67–80, https://www.arcadiafund.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/why-are-universities-open-access-laggers.pdf. See also Claudio Aspesi et al., «SPARC Landscape Analysis,» March 29, 2019, https://doi.org/10.31229/osf.io/58yhb.
138
A. Townsend Peterson et al., «Open Access Solutions for Biodiversity Journals: Do Not Replace One Problem with Another,» Diversity and Distributions 25, no. 1 (January 2019): 5–8, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12885. См. также Jonathan Tennant, Democratizing Knowledge: A Report on the Scholarly Publisher, Elsevier (Brussels: Educational International, October 2018), https://www.ei-ie.org/en/detail/16061/elsevier-putting-a-price-on-knowledge; David Matthews, «Is It Time to Nationalise Academic Publishers?» Times Higher Education, March 2, 2018, https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/it-time-nationalise-academic-publishers.
139
Georg Szalai, «Studio-by-Studio Profitability Ranking: Disney Surges, Sony Sputters,» Hollywood Reporter, February 20, 2017, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/studio-by-studio-profitability-ranking-disney-surges-sony-sputters-977497.
140
Will Meyer, «Taking the Music Industry Monopoly Seriously,» Hypebot, March 26, 2018, https://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2018/03/taking-monopoly-power-seriously-.html; «Music Industry,» Wikimedia Foundation, last modified June 8, 2020, 04:57, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_industry; Jodie Griffin, «Copyright, Consolidation, and the Music Licensing Marketplace,» Public Knowledge, August 2, 2013, https://www.publicknowledge.org/blog/copyright-consolidation-and-the-music-licensing-marketplace/.
141